In the Deep South, shriveling job prospects for the high-school-educated and scant state support for the poor have combined with more timeworn social problems to diminish the chances of a middle-class life for somebody born into poverty. In Mississippi, the 86 members of Ruleville Central’s senior class attended a school given an F grade by the state. Some new graduates went off to local colleges. Others lacked money or test scores. One turned down an offer from his dream school because of the cost. The school’s guidance counselor said she can count on her hand the ones who will finish college. Often, those who do graduate these underperforming schools find themselves searching for low-paying jobs in states that have been reluctant to fund programs that help the poor.