A new report examines the relationship between rapid growth of nonperforming loan servicing costs and tight mortgage credit standards. In 2013, the annual cost of servicing a nonperforming loan was 15 times that of servicing a performing loan—$2,357 versus $156. In addition, the cost of servicing nonperforming loans has risen almost twice as fast as performing loans -- from $482 in 2008 to $2,357 in 2013, a 489 percent increase. As a result, servicers charge riskier borrowers higher, sometimes unaffordable, rates. The report cites Fannie and Freddie's compensatory fees charged on tardy foreclosures, inconsistent Federal Housing Administration foreclosure timelines and vague property preservation and conveyance standards as causes of the growing costs.